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DATES TO REMEMBER

1826-34 Various machines invented to show moving images; the stroboscope, zoetrope, and thaumatrope.
1872 Eadweard Muybridge demonstrated movement of horses' legs by using 24 cameras.
1877 Invention of Praxinoscope; developed as a projector of successive images on screen in 1879 in France.
1878-95 Marey, a French physiologist, developed various cameras for recording human and animal movements
1887 Augustin le Prince produced the first series of images on a perforated film; Thomas Edison, having
developed the phonograph, took the first steps in developing a motion-picture recording and reproducing
device to accompany recorded sound.
1888 William Friese-Green showed the first celluloid film and patented a movie camera.
1889 Edison invented 35 mm film
1890-94 Edison, using perforated film, developed his Kinetograph camera and Kinetoscope individual viewer;
developed commercially in New York, London and Paris.
1895 The Lumiere brothers, Auguste (1862-1954) and Louis (1864-1948), projected, to a paying audience, a
film of an oncoming train arriving at a station. Some of the audience fled in terror.
1896 Pathe introduced the Berliner phonograph, using disks in synchronization with film. Lack of amplification,
however, made the performances ineffective.
1899 Edison tried to improve amplification by using banks of phonographs.
1900 Attempts to synchronize film and disk were made by Gaumont in France and Goldschmidt in Germany,
leading later to the American Vitaphone system.
1902 Georges Melies (1861-1938) made Le Voyage dans Ia Lune/A Trip to the Moon.
1903 The first "Western" was made in the US: The Great Train Robbery by Edwin s Porter.
1906 The earliest color film (Kinemacolor) was patented in Britain by George Albert Smith.
1907-11 The first films shot in the Los Angeles area called Hollywood.
1908-11 In France, Emile Cohl experimented with film animation.
1910 With the influence of US studios and fan magazines, film actors and actresses began to be recognized
by name as international stars.
1911 The first Hollywood studio, Horsley's Centaur Film Co, was established followed in 1915 by Carl
Laemmie's Universal City and Thomas !nee's studio.
1912 In Britain, Eugene Lauste designed experimental "sound on film" systems.
1914-18 Full newsreel coverage of World War I.
1915 The Birth of a Nation, D W Griffith's epic on the American Civil War and the rise of the Ku Klux Klan,
was released in the US.
1917 35 mm was officially adopted as the standard format for motion picture film by the Society of Motion
Picture Engineers of America.
1918-19 A sound system called Tri-Ergon was developed in Germany, which led to sound being recorded on
film photographically. The photography of sound was also developed by Lee Deforrest in his
Phonofilm system.
1923 First sound film (as Phonofilm)demonstrated.
1926 Don Juan. a silent film with a synchronised music score, was released.
1927 Release of the first major sound film, The Jazz Singer, consisting of some songs and a few moments
of dialogue, made by Warner Bros. New York. The first Academy Awards (Oscars) were presented.
1928 Walt Disney released his first Mickey Mouse cartoon, Steamboat Willie. The first all-talking film, Lights
of New York, was released.
1930 The Big Trail, a Western filmed and shown in 70 mm rather than the standard 35 mm format, was
released. 70 mm is still used, but usually only for big-budget epics such as Lawrence of Arabia.
1932 Technicolor (three-color) process was used for a Walt Disney cartoon film. Three Little Pigs.
1935 Becky Sharp, the first film in three-color Technicolor (a process now abandoned), was released.
1937 Walt Disney released the first feature-length (82 minutes) cartoon, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
1939 Gone With the Wind, regarded as one of Hollywood's greatest achievements, was released.
1952 Cinerama, a wide-screen presentation using three cameras and three projectors, was
introduced in New York.
1953 Commercial 3-D (three-dimensional) cinema and wide-screen CinemaScope were launched in the US.
3-D cameras were clumsy and the audiences disliked wearing the obligatory glasses. Cinemascope
used a single camera and projector to produce a widescreen effect by using an anamorphic lens
system. The new wide-screen cinema was accompanied by the introduction of Stereographic sound,
which eventually became standard.
1959 The first film in "Smeii-0-Vision", The Scent of Mystery, was released. The process did not catch on.
1970 Most major films were released in Dolby Stereo.
1982 3-D made a brief comeback. Some of the films released that used the process, such as Jaws 3-D and
Friday the 13th Part 3 were commercial successes, but the revival was short lived.
1987 US House Judiciary Committee "petitioned" by leading Hollywood filmmakers to protect their work from
electronic "colorization". the new orocess bv which black-and-white films were tinted for television.